Saray kabiangan na kontrol na pneumatic tan saray manunan sirkito
Diad saray sisteman pneumatic, saray control elements et importantin kabiangan parad panangontrol tan pangiregula ed pressure, flow rate, direksion na flow na compressed air tan pangipapawit na signal. Diad pangusar ed saratan, nanduruman pneumatic circuits so nayarin naporma pian naseguro ya saray pneumatic actuating elements et mankimey a normal no nakaukolan. Saray pneumatic control components et nayarin iklasipika ed taloran manunan kategorya base ed saray kimey tan aplikasyon da: pressure control valves, flow control valves, tan directional control valves. Niarum ni, wala ray pneumatic logic components ya makagawa na nanduruman logical functions diad panguman na direksion tan pangi-on-off na airflow.
1Pressure control valve tan pressure control circuit
Saray pressure control valve et manunan uusaren pian nakontrol so pressure na saray gas ed sistema tan nasumpal so nanduruman pressure requirements. Saray pressure control valve et nayarin iklasipika ed taloran klase: Say unonan klase et say pressure reducing valve ya manseserbi pian nabawasan tan napabiskeg so pressure; Say kumadwan klase et say safety valve ya manseserbi pian nalimitaan so pressure tan mangiter na proteksion, salanti, say relief valve. Say komatlon klase et say sequence valve ya manggagawa na pigaran kontrol base ed nanduruman pressure na gas line.
1. Safety valve
Say safety valve et walay papel to ed proteksion na sistema. No say pressure na sistema et onlampas ed nibaga ya balor, say safety valve et nalukasan pian nibulos so sakey a kabiangan na gas ed atmospera, pian naseguro ya say pressure na sistema et ag onlampas ed naabuloyan ya balor tan diad ontan et naprebentaan iray aksidente lapud alablabas a pressure ed sistema. Say istruktura tan say simbolo na safety valve et nanengneng ed pigura.
Pigura: Istruktura tan simbolo na safety valve
2. Pressure-reducing valve
Say gagala na pressure-reducing valve et pian nabawasan so pressure na gas supply source ed pressure ya kaukolan na device tan seguroen ya say pressure value et mansiansian malet kayari na pressure reduction. Say manunan nagagawaan na pressure reducing valve et kaiba so pressure regulating range, pressure characteristics tan flow characteristics. Say pressure characteristics tan flow characteristics et duaran importantin features na pressure-reducing valve tan manserbin importantin basiyan ed panagpili tan pangusar ed satan. No manpipili na pressure-reducing valve, say klase tan inkasusto na pressure regulation to et nepeg ya nadetermina base ed saray kakaukolanen ed pangusar, insan say diametro to et nepeg ya pilien base ed sankatageyan ya output flow ya nakaukolan. Say istruktura na pressure-reducing valve et nanengneng ed Figure. Say presyon na dagem na balbula et nepeg ya mas atagey nen say sankatageyan ya presyon na 0.1MPa. Say pressure-reducing valve et kaslakan ya iiyan kayari na water separator tan air filter tan antis na oil mist lubricator, a singa nanengneng ed Figure. Imanoen ya ag yo ibabaliw so loloob tan paway to. No ag-uusaren so balbula, nepeg ya lukasan so knob pian ag-onkupas so diaphragm no walay pressure, ya nayarin mangapekta ed performance to.
Pigura: Say istruktura na pressure-reducing valve
Pigura: Posisyon na pangipuesto na pressure-reducing valve
3. Pressure control circuit
Say pressure control circuit et sakey a manunan sirkito ya mamasiansia ed pressure ed loob na circuit ed loob na sakey a range odino mamasarag ed circuit ya makala na pressure na nanduruman lebel. Saray kaslakan ya uusaren et saray primary pressure control circuits tan secondary pressure control circuits.
Say manunan sirkito na panangontrol ed presyon
Say primary pressure control circuit et uusaren pian nakontrol so pressure na gas storage tank pian ag onlampas ed nibaga ya pressure value. Saray external control relief valves tan electrical contact pressure gauges et mabetbet ya uusaren pian nakontrol so igapo tan itunda na saray air compressor, ya mansiansian walad loob na nibaga ya range so pressure ed air storage tank. Saray electrical contact pressure gauges so inadapta, ya walaan na atagey iran kakaukolanen parad motor tan kontrol. Mabetbet iran uusaren parad panangontrol ed saray angkekelag ya air compressor, a singa nanengneng ed Figure.
Pigura: Primary pressure control circuit diagram
2) Secondary pressure control circuit
Say segundaryon pressure control loop so manunan mangokontrol ed pressure na dagem na pneumatic system. Diad pneumatic transmission, say water separator tan air filter, pressure reducing valve tan oil mist lubricator et mabetbet ya tatawagen ya pneumatic three-piece sets. Unong ed nanengneng ed Figure, saya so segundaryon pressure control circuit ya tugyopen na pneumatic three-piece sets.
Pigura: Secondary pressure control circuit
Flow control valve tan speed control circuit
Pian naseguro so maabig tan napanmatalkan ya operasyon na silindro, nepeg ya kontrolen so kapeles na igalaw na silindro. Say kaslakan a paraan et say pangusar na flow control valve pian nagawaan iya. Say flow control valve et mangokontrol ed kapeles na igalaw na pneumatic actuator diad pangiregula ed gas flow rate, tan say panangontrol ed gas flow et nagamoran diad panguman ed flow area na flow control valve. Saray kaslakan ya uusaren ya flow control valves et saray throttle valve, one-way throttle valves, exhaust throttle valves, tan arum nira.
One-way throttle valve
Say one-way throttle valve et sakey a pinagkasakey a control valve ya tugyopen na one-way valve tan sakey a throttle valve ya mankakasakey. Say istruktura tan simbolo to et nanengneng ed Figure. No say dagem et onaagus manlapud port P ya anggad port A, saya so ondalan ed throttle valve. No onaagus manlapud A ya anggad P, say check valve et manlukas ya anggapoy throttle. Saray one-way throttle valves et mabetbet ya uusaren ed speed regulation tan delay circuits na cylinder.
Pigura: Istruktura tan simbolo na one-way throttle valve
2. Speed control loop
Saray double-acting cylinders et walaan na duaran paraan na pangi-adjust: intake throttling tan exhaust throttling. Ipapanengneng na pigura so intake throttling adjustment circuit. Legan na intake throttling, no say direksion na karga et misumlangan ed direksion na piston, say galaw na piston et mainomay ya magmaliw ya ag balansin nagagawa, salanti, sakey a nagagalaw. No say direksion na karga et mipara ed direksion na piston, say karga et mainomay ya onkupas, kanian naandi so kontrol na silindro. Kanian, say intake throttling adjustment circuit et maslak ya uusaren parad saray silindro ya akapuesto ed patayo. Parad saray silindro ya akapuesto ed pabitay, say adjustment circuit et kaslakan ya manguusar na exhaust throttling adjustment circuit, a singa nanengneng ed Figure. Singa nanengneng ed Figure, saya so speed control circuit diagram ya tugyopen na saray throttle valve. No say compressed air et onloob ed sampot A tan ompaway ed sampot B, say check valve na one-way throttle valve A et onlukas pian maples ya onkupas so rodless cavity na cylinder. Lapud say one-way valve na one-way throttle valve B et akasara, say gas ed rod cavity et nayarin ipaway labat ed throttle valve. Diad pangi-adjust ed opening℃na throttle valve B, say kapeles na galaw no onnatnat so cylinder et nayarin umanen. Diad kasunian, say pangi-adjust ed opening℃na throttle valve A et nayarin manguman ed kapeles na galaw na silindro no onatras itan. Sayan paraan na panangontrol so mamaseguro ed malet ya operasyon na piston tan saya so sankabaloan ya uusaren.
Pigura: Unidirectional adjustment circuit parad double-acting cylinder
Pigura: Speed control circuit ya tugyopen na throttle valves Pigura
Electromagnetic directional control valve tan pneumatic control circuit
1. Directional control valve
Say directional control valve et uusaren pian nakontrol so direksion na iyaagus na compressed air tan say pakaabala na iyaagus na dagem. Saray pneumatic directional control valves et nayarin iklasipika ed nanduruman klase base ed istruktura na valve core, singa say slide valve type, globe type, flat surface type, plug type tan diaphragm type, ya say globe type tan slide valve type so mas malaknab ya uusaren. Base ed nanduruman paraan na panangontrol, nayarin iklasipika iratan ed electromagnetic control type, pneumatic control type, mechanical control type, manual control type tan time control type, tan arum nira. Base ed saray functional characteristics da, nayarin iklasipika iratan ed unidirectional type tan reversing type. Unong ed bilang na saray port tan say bilang na saray posisyon na pantratrabahoan na valve core, nayarin iklasipika itan ed nanduruman klase a singa say duaran-posisyon duaran-way, duaran-posisyon talo-way, tan talora-posisyon lima-way, a singa nanengneng ed Table.
Table: Ports tan Working Positions na Directional Control Valves
2. Electromagnetic directional control valve
Say electromagnetic directional control valve et manguusar na suction force na electromagnet pian itulak so valve core pian nauman so posisyon na balbula, kanian nakontrol so direksion na agos na dagem. Lapud nayarin kontrolen na saray signal ya ipawit na saray push-button switch, limit switch, proximity switch, tan arum ni, mainomay ya nadampot so electro-pneumatic combined control tan nayarin paandaren ed arawi, ya walaan na nanduruman aplikasyon. Say sankabaloan ya klasipikasyon na solenoid valves et base ed bilang na saray port tan say posisyon na pantratrabahoan na valve core, kaiba lay duaran-posisyon duaran-way, duaran-posisyon talo-way, talora-posisyon lima-way, tan dakel ni. Unong ed bilang na saray coil ya ipapaandar na electromagnet, saray solenoid valve et naklasipikar ed single-controlled tan double-controlled ya klase. Saray valve electromagnets et naapag ed taloran klase unong ed nanduruman lapuan na kuryente ya inusar: AC type, DC type tan local type. Sayan klase et say klase na AC local rectifier. Sayan electromagnet a mismo et walaan na kapalduan-wave rectifier, ya nayarin direktan mangusar na AC legan ya walaan na istruktura tan katangian na DC electromagnet. No uusaren, say manepeg ya electromagnetic directional control valve et nepeg ya pilien unong ed saray kakaukolanen ed kontrol.
Ipapanengneng na pigura so eskematikon diagram na prinsipyo na panagkimey na sakey a direktan-onkikiwas a saksakey ya elektrikal ya kontroladon duaran-posisyon a taloran-way ya electromagnetic directional control valve.
Pigura: Diagram na prinsipyo na pantratrabaho na direktan-onkikiwas ya saksakey ya electrically controlled electromagnetic directional control valve
Prinsipyo na pantratrabaho: No say electromagnet et naandiay enerhiya, say valve core et itulak ed tagey a sampot na spring, ya mangikokonekta ed 7 tan A. No say electromagnet et na-energize, say iron core et itulak toy valve core ed abeban sampot panamegley na push rod, ya mangikokonekta ed P tan A.
Ipapanengneng na pigura so diagram na prinsipyo na pantratrabaho na sakey a direktan-onkikiwas, doble elektrikal ya kontroladon duaran-posisyon limaran-way electromagnetic directional control valve. Ipapanengneng na pigura so diagram na prinsipyo na pantratrabaho na piloto- ya papaandaren na doble ya electrically controlled directional control valve.
Pigura: Diagram na prinsipyo na pantratrabaho na sakey a direktan-onkikiwas a doble elektrikal a kontroladon duaran-posisyon limaran-dalan a solenoid valve
Pigura: Diagram na prinsipyo na pantratrabaho na piloto-napapaandar ya doble electrically controlled Directional control valve
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